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As of 2026, research into Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) has shown promise in overcoming the sensitivity issues of traditional PCR. This technology partitions a sample into thousands of tiny droplets, allowing for the detection of as few as five to ten bacterial cells.

This level of precision could allow for the direct detection of Borrelia DNA in skin biopsies or even blood during the early stages of the disease, potentially replacing the two-week waiting period required for antibody tests. By targeting specific genes like flagellin B or OspA, these molecular assays provide a clearer picture of active bacterial presence.